What is typically characterized by rapid urban growth in low-income countries?

The correct answer is characterized by rapid urban growth in low-income countries, which is often referred to as developing countries. These countries tend to experience significant urbanization as people migrate from rural areas to cities in search of better economic opportunities, jobs, and services.

In developing countries, urban growth can be attributed to several factors, including population growth, economic expansion, and the influx of people seeking better living conditions. This can lead to the rapid expansion of urban areas, often outpacing the availability of infrastructure and services, resulting in challenges such as overcrowding, inadequate housing, and strain on public resources.

Emerging countries, though they exhibit urban growth as well, typically have some level of industrialization or increasing economic development that distinguishes them from developing countries. Meanwhile, developed or industrialized countries have generally stabilized urban populations and experienced slower urban growth due to factors like demographic transition and urban planning. Thus, the dynamics of urban growth in developing countries highlight the challenges and opportunities presented by rapid urbanization in settings with limited resources.