Which of the following best describes push factors in urban migration?

Push factors in urban migration specifically refer to the conditions that drive people away from rural areas, compelling them to seek better opportunities or living conditions in urban settings. These factors can include a variety of issues such as economic hardship, lack of employment opportunities, inadequate access to healthcare, education, or basic services, and social issues like crime or conflict. When these adverse conditions prevail in rural areas, individuals and families are motivated to leave, searching for improved circumstances in cities.

The other choices address different aspects of migration but do not accurately reflect the concept of push factors. Attracting people to cities highlights pull factors, which are conditions that draw individuals to urban locales. Natural disasters causing forced relocation deal primarily with immediate and drastic circumstances rather than the underlying systemic issues that influence push factors. Similarly, government policies that support urban growth pertain to initiatives that may enhance urban appeal but do not inherently relate to the reasons people are leaving rural areas. Thus, the definition of push factors is best captured by the conditions that drive people away from rural regions.