Which of the following is NOT typically involved in urban development?

In the context of urban development, an understanding of the roles played by various entities is crucial. Urban planners, utilities, and property developers are all integral to the development process.

Urban planners are responsible for designing and organizing urban spaces, ensuring that the development meets the needs of the community while considering factors such as land use, infrastructure, and environmental impact. Utilities, which supply essential services like water, electricity, and waste management, are vital in making urban areas functional and sustainable. Property developers, on the other hand, focus on creating residential or commercial buildings, driving the economic growth of cities as they respond to demand in urban markets.

In contrast, international sporting organizations typically focus on organizing and promoting events or competitions rather than engaging in the physical development of urban areas. Their involvement is more related to specific projects, such as building or upgrading facilities for events, rather than the broader context of urban planning or development. Therefore, this entity does not play a central role in urban development compared to the other options provided.