Which of the following statements best describes urban sprawl?

Urban sprawl is best described as the expansion of urban areas into rural land. This phenomenon typically occurs when cities grow outward to accommodate population increases, leading to the development of housing, businesses, and infrastructure outside the existing urban boundary. As cities expand, they often encroach on agricultural land, forests, and other natural spaces, resulting in a shift in land use patterns.

The characteristic of urban sprawl is associated with low-density, automobile-dependent development, which can create various social, economic, and environmental challenges. This includes increased traffic congestion, longer commutes, and loss of green space, which can significantly impact the quality of life for residents.

The other statements relate to urban environments but do not capture the essence of urban sprawl. For example, the density of buildings pertains to how compact an area is, which contrasts with the notion of sprawl; the layout of public transportation systems focuses on mobility and accessibility rather than physical expansion of urban areas; and the preservation of natural habitats addresses conservation issues rather than the encroachment of urban development. Thus, the first statement correctly embodies the concept of urban sprawl.